The Combination of State Great Khural

The word Great Khural (Khurildai) was already in the Mongolian lexicon long ago. Any essential issues of law, state, war and peace ordered by Chinggis Khaan, who founded the Mongol Empire in 1206, were discussed by the nobility at the Great Khurildai. The present State Great Khural of Mongolia is legally similar to a parliament, the legislative organ of eastern and western countries where democracy has developed. In the 1992 Constitution, it is declared that "The State Great Khural is the highest organ of State power, and legislative power shall be vested solely therein”.

Since 1992, the State Great Khural has been elected, by citizens qualified to vote, on the basis of universal, free, direct suffrage by secret ballot for a term of four years. The State Great Khural has one chamber consisting of 76 members. Citizens of Mongolia who exercise their electoral rights and have reached the age of twenty-five are eligible for election to the State Great Khural.

The Chairman and Vice-Chairmen of the State Great Khural are nominated and elected from among the members of that body by secret ballot.

The State Great Khural is vested with a number of functions under the Constitution, the foremost of which is making laws. Other functions of the Slate Great Khural include approval of national budget, passing a law validating the election of the President and recognising the President's powers, releasing him from his duties or recalling him, and appointing, replacing or removing the Prime Minister or members of the Government, defining the State's borders and declaring a state of war etc.

The main organisational form of the Stale Great Khural is the session. Regular sessions of the State Great Khural are convened once every six months. Each session shall last no less than 75 working days. Special sessions may be convened at the demand of more than one-third of the members of the State Great Khural, and/or on the initiative of the President and the Chairman of the State Great Khural.

The State Great Khural establishes Standing Committees according to the type of activity. The State Great Khural maintains 7 Standing Committees and 5 subcommittees. The Standing Committee consists of more than 12 members of the State Great Khural.

The State Great Khural decides on its dissolution if not less than two thirds of its members consider that it is unable to carry out its mandate, or if the President, in consultation with the Chairman of the Slate Great Khural, proposes to do so for the same reason.

In result of the 2004 Parliament election the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) and the Motherland-Democracy coalition share the majority of the 76 seats of the State Great Khural. The remaining 4 seats go to the Republican Party, who won one seat, and three independent candidates.

On 13 August, 2004 the Mongolian Parliament elected Nambaryn Enkhbayar, who was the head of the previous Government as its new Speaker. MPRP Chairman N.Enkhbayar was nominated for the post of Parliamentary Speaker under the 26th provision of the Parliamentary Law, after the successful conclusion of negotiations between the MPRP, the Motherland-Democracy Coalition and the Republican Party.

As a result of 2005 Presidential Elections, in which Mr. Enkhbayar was elected as a President, Minister of Justice Ts.Nyamdorj of the MPRP was worked as a parliament speaker in 2005-2007. On 1 July, 2007 Vice -Chairman of the State Great Khural, Lundeejantsan.D was elected as a new Parliament Speaker.

In the 2012 Parliament election The Democratic Party (34), The Mongolian People`s Party (26), The Justice Coalition of the Mongolian People`s Revolutionary Party – The Mongolian National Democratic Party (11), The Civil Will Party – The Green Party (2), and 3 independents won seats in the parliament. For the first time, the legislative election was held on the mixed election system by the new law. 48 seats were elected directly from 26 constituencies and 28 seats were proportionally allocated based on the number votes which the political parties won. For the first time in Mongolia, electronic voting machines were used for voter registration, vote counting and monitoring purposes. Enkhbold.Z was elected as a new Parliament Speaker.

The State Great Hural had 8 standing committees and 10 subcommittees.In 2016 election The Mongolian People`s Party (65), The Democratic Party (9) Mongolian People`s Revolutionary Party (1) and 1 independent won seats in the parliament. In the 2016 elections the 76 members of the State Great Khural were elected from single-member constituencies.